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Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide.Ginsenoside Rk3,an important and rare saponin in heat-treated ginseng,is generated from Rg1 and has a smaller mo-lecular weight.However,the anti-HCC efficacy and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rk3 have not yet been characterized.Here,we investigated the mechanism by which ginsenoside Rk3,a tetracyclic triterpenoid rare ginsenoside,inhibits the growth of HCC.We first explored the possible potential targets of Rk3 through network pharmacology.Both in vitro(HepG2 and HCC-LM3 cells)and in vivo(primary liver cancer mice and HCC-LM3 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice)studies revealed that Rk3 significantly inhibits the proliferation of HCC.Meanwhile,Rk3 blocked the cell cycle in HCC at the G1 phase and induced autophagy and apoptosis in HCC.Further proteomics and siRNA experiments showed that Rk3 regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)pathway to inhibit HCC growth,which was validated by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance.In conclusion,we report the discovery that ginsenoside Rk3 binds to PI3K/AKT and promotes autophagy and apoptosis in HCC.Our data strongly support the translation of ginsenoside Rk3 into novel PI3K/AKT-targeting ther-apeutics for HCC treatment with low toxic side effects.
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As a mineral material widely used in life, chrysotile is a public health concern for its fibrogenicity and carcinogenicity. Currently, more than 50 countries have completely banned the import and use of chrysotile, but China is still the world's largest consumer and second largest producer of chrysotile, with a large occupationally exposed population. Investigations have shown that chrysotile miners are significantly more likely to develop pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma than workers in other occupations. Chrysotile-induced cancers generally have a decades-long latency period and are difficult to diagnose and treat in a timely manner. Therefore, the cancer fatality due to chrysotile exposure is significant and is a leading contributor to occupational cancer death. Epithelial mesenchymal transition is a key step in the biological processes of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, carcinogenesis, and cancer metastasis in tissues and organs, also plays an important role in pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other diseases due to chrysotile exposure. This paper summarized the mechanisms of chrysotile inducing epithelial interstitial transition from dynamics of inflammatory factors, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, oxidative stress, and other biological pathways, and proposed possible research directions for further study on chrysotile-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition, aiming to provide a reliable basis and reference for in-depth research on pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and other diseases due to chrysotile exposure.
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BackgroundMost of the researches on continuous nursing education is from the perspective of patients， and there is a lack of studies on the impact of continuous nursing education on patient caregivers， and the care quality of caregivers is closely related to postoperative rehabilitation status of the patients. ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of continuous nursing education on anxiety relief of caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery， and to provide references for improving caregivers' anxiety and promoting patients' recovery. MethodsA total of 120 caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery at the First and Sixth Center of 301 Chinese PLA General Hospital were included from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2022. The caregivers were randomly divided into study group and control group with 60 cases in each group by systematic random sampling method. Before the patient discharge from the hospital， all caregivers received routine nursing education. The study group received continuous nursing education for 4 weeks after patient discharged. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） was used to evaluate the two groups before and one month after discharge. ResultsOne month after discharge， SAS score in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group ［（57.77±14.08） vs. （70.19±13.60）， t=-4.913， P<0.01］， and the proportion of SAS score above 60 in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group （41.67% vs. 75.00%， χ2=-13.714， P<0.01）. ConclusionContinuous nursing education may help reduce the level of anxiety in caregivers of patients with all-robot coronary artery bypass surgery.
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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has attracted more and more attention in the field of environmental pollution and public health. Previous studies have found that PM2.5 can be inhaled and deposit in the airway and alveoli, and even spread to the whole-body tissues and organs through blood, resulting in various toxic effects. The malignant transformation of lung epithelial cells associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. This paper reviewed recent studies on the mechanisms of malignant transformation of lung epithelial cells associated with PM2.5 exposure, and discussed the main biological mechanisms, including epigenetics, tumor microenvironment, and other biological pathways. Besides, the potential research directions of malignant transformation of lung epithelial cells associated with PM2.5 exposure were proposed. This work aims to provide a scientific basis and reference for public health management and air quality assessment.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection among inpatients in a tertiary hospital， and provide scientific evidence for hospital infection control and targeted surveillance. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate a total of 543 hospitalized patients using the hospital information system. Results The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection （HAI） was 4.24%， and that of community-acquired infection （CAI） was 23.39%. HAI prevalence differed significantly among the departments （ χ 2=148.870， P <0.05）， and was highest in the department of intensive care medicine （72.73%）. Sites of infection were significantly different between HAI and CAI （ χ 2=22.942， P =0.011）； however， the most frequent site of infection was lower respiratory tract in both HAI and CAI. Major pathogens for nosocomial infection were Gram-negative bacteria （56.92%）， mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Antimicrobial usage was observed in 31.68% of the patients， principally for therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs （80.23%） and a combination of drugs （88.95%）. Examination rate of pathogens following the antimicrobial usage was 72.08%. Conclusion The investigation on the prevalence of nosocomial infection may facilitate fully understanding the nosocomial infection. It warrants strengthening the monitoring in the departments of intensive care medicine and on multi-resistant bacteria， and achieving antimicrobial stewardship， so as to improve the awareness of hospital infection control in medical staff' and effectively reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infection among inpatients in a tertiary hospital， and provide scientific evidence for hospital infection control and targeted surveillance. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate a total of 543 hospitalized patients using the hospital information system. Results The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection （HAI） was 4.24%， and that of community-acquired infection （CAI） was 23.39%. HAI prevalence differed significantly among the departments （ χ 2=148.870， P <0.05）， and was highest in the department of intensive care medicine （72.73%）. Sites of infection were significantly different between HAI and CAI （ χ 2=22.942， P =0.011）； however， the most frequent site of infection was lower respiratory tract in both HAI and CAI. Major pathogens for nosocomial infection were Gram-negative bacteria （56.92%）， mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Antimicrobial usage was observed in 31.68% of the patients， principally for therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs （80.23%） and a combination of drugs （88.95%）. Examination rate of pathogens following the antimicrobial usage was 72.08%. Conclusion The investigation on the prevalence of nosocomial infection may facilitate fully understanding the nosocomial infection. It warrants strengthening the monitoring in the departments of intensive care medicine and on multi-resistant bacteria， and achieving antimicrobial stewardship， so as to improve the awareness of hospital infection control in medical staff' and effectively reduce the occurrence of nosocomial infection.
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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of COVID-19-related stress on the social adaptation of college students， and to analyze and compare the mediating effects of patience and social support. MethodsStratified cluster sampling method was applied to enroll 3 219 college students， and they were assessed using the COVID-19-related Stress Questionnaire， Social Adaptation Inventory （SAI）， Patience Questionnaire （PQ） and Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）， thereafter， the mediating effect was assessed via the SPSS Process macro. ResultsCollege students' COVID-19-related Stress Questionnaire score were positively correlated with the scores of PQ and SSRS （r=0.297， 0.229， P<0.01）， and negative correlated with SAI score （r=-0.430， P<0.01）. PQ and SSRS scores were positively correlated with SAI score （r=0.374， 0.283， P<0.01）. PQ score was positively correlated with SSRS score （r=0.271， P<0.01）. Patience partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and social adaptation （β=0.049， 95% CI： 0.039~0.062）. Meanwhile， social support also partially mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related stress and social adaptation （β=0.016， 95% CI： 0.009~0.025）. ConclusionCOVID-19-related stress exerts a negative impact on college students' social adaptation ability， while the impact is mediated by patience and social support， and the mediation effect of patience is more significant.
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Objective: To observe blood levels of cystetine C (Cys C) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndromes (OSAS) related hypertension (HP). Methods: A total of 102 HP patients received polysomgography (PSG) in our hospital from 2013-01 to 2013-12 were studied. According to apnea hypopnea index (AHI), the patients were divided into 2 groups: OSAS with HP (OH) group, n=55 patients with AHI≥5 and HP group,n=47 patients with AHI0.05. Conclusion: Blood levels of Cys C in OH and HP groups were higher than Control group, Cys C in OH group was higher than HP group; SOD levels in OH and HP groups were lower than Control group, SOD in OH group was lower than HP group. The relationships between Cys C, SOD and OH severity were unclear.
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Objective: To explore the effect of persistent atrial ifbrillation (AF) on circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 173 EH patients treated in Gansu Provincial Hospital from 2013-02 to 2014-01were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups: EH group,n=88 and Persistent AF combining EH group,n=85. The baseline information was studied and the risk factors of persistent AF combining EH were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with EH group, the Persistent AF combining EH group showed decreased average daytime DBP, minimum daytime SBP, minimum daytime DBP and the average 24-hour DBP, while increased maximum nighttime SBP and the percentage of reverse dipper in DBP, allP0.05. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the maximum nighttime SBP was obviously related to persistent AF combining EH (OR=1.038, 95 CI 1.014-1.062,P=0.001). Conclusion: Persistent AF may incur daytime BP dropping, such change was not obviously observed for nighttime BP in EH patients.
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An analytical method for simultaneous determination of five quinolones in spicy soup was developed. Spicy soup samples were firstly extracted by EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer at pH 4, then purified and concentrated by a novel Packed fiber solid phase extraction ( PFSPE ) coulumn. The extracted liquid supernatant was loaded onto the column, rinsed with water, and then eluted with 2% ammoniated methanol. The mobile phase was methanol-water-phosphoric acid (25:75:0. 1, V/V, adjusting the pH to 2. 8 with triethylamine) . These analytes were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorimetric detector( HPLC-FLD) at excitation and emission wavelength of 280 nm and 450 nm respectively. Recoveries of spiked quinolone antibiotics in spicy soup were from 72 . 1% to 110 . 3% with intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) between 1. 6% and 4. 3% and inter-day RSD from 2. 0% to 4. 3%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation(LOQ) were from 1. 2 to 5. 4 μg/L and from 3. 9 to 18 μg/L, respectively. The method could be applied to determine the quinolones in spicy soup.
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In order to study the damage mechanism of mineral dusts on the pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), the changes of their death ratio, malandialdthyde (MDA) content and activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. And the technique of cell culture in vitro was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of six mineral dusts (twelve crystal habits) from twelve mineral deposits. The results showed that wollstonite and clinoptilolite had no AM cytotoxicity while other fibrous and grainy mineral dusts could damage pulmonary AM in various degrees. The cytotoxicity of fibrous mineral dusts was greater than that of the grainy ones, and the cytotoxicity of dusts was positively correlated with the active OH- content in dusts, but not necessarily so with its SiO2 content. The high pH values produced by dust was unfavorable for the cells survival and the dusts with a low bio-resistance were safe for cells. The content of variable valence elements in dusts could influence their cytotoxicity and the surface charge of dusts was not a stable factor on their toxicity. It indicates that the shape of mineral dusts is one of the factors affecting cytotoxicity, and that the cytotoxicity of mineral dusts mainly depends on their properties.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Cell Death , Cells, Cultured , Dust , Macrophages, Alveolar , Cell Biology , Minerals , Chemistry , Toxicity , Toxicity TestsABSTRACT
AIM: To assess the role of surface free radicals and electromotive voltage of fibrous mineral dusts in rabbit pulmonary alveolar macrophage injuries induced by fibrous mineral dusts. METHODS: Changes in cell death ratio, malandialdehyde (MDA) and cellur electrophoresis ratio, lactate dehydrogenate (LDH)and superoxide dismitase(SOD) activities were determined, the technique of cell culture and Scanning electron Microscopy were used to examine the change of membranous permeability, charge and cellular shape. RESULTS: Fibrous wollastonite and tabulate clinoptilolite, which had no OH-, had no cytotoxicity, while fibrous sepiolite, fibrous palygorskite, fibrous brucite and chrysolite asbestos damaged pulmonary alveolar macrophages in various degrees because of the different OH- levels. All the six fibrous mineral dusts changed the cellular electrophoresis ratio. CONCLUSION: The surface electromotive voltage of fibrous mineral dusts is not an important factor, and the cytotoxicity of them may be related to OH- levels on the mineral dust surface.
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AIM:To determine the relationship between microhistology and cardiac contractility in myocarditis animal model. METHODS:Setting up myocarditis animal model by injecting Coxsackivevirus B 3 (CVB 3) into mice, then observed myocardial morphological changes and measured left ventricular function of mice at the time of first three days and two weeks after injecting CVB 3.RESULTS:Subcellular structure (mitochondria) changed at the first three days after injecting CVB 3. The left ventricular pressure (LVP) and the rate of intraventricular pressure development (d p /d t ) which is the index of reflecting cardiac contractility depressed in this stage (14.2?0.8) kPa and (273.1?10.0)kPa/s, respectively. There were (17.1?0.7)kPa and (359.8?9.3)kPa/s in normal mice, respectively ( P